Can Turkey and Armenia Normalize Relations?

Relations between Turkey and Armenia remain frozen, largely because of Azerbaijan’s influence over Ankara and a lack of sustained Western diplomatic engagement.
Rym Momtaz sat down with Thomas de Waal and Garo Paylan to discuss the main obstacles to a rapprochement and why reopening the Turkey-Armenia border matters for both regional and Western interests.
[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:35] The State of Turkey-Armenia Relations, [00:11:58] Russia's Influence in the Process, [00:20:47] Can the West Play a Role?
Thomas de Waal, March 17, 2025, “Armenia and Azerbaijan’s Major Step Forward (carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2025/03/armenia…),” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Thomas de Waal, September 19, 2024, “Armenia and Azerbaijan: A Fragile Peace Process (carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/…),” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.
Thomas de Waal, July 11, 2024, “Armenia Navigates a Path Away From Russia (carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/07/armenia…),” Carnegie Europe.
Thomas de Waal, Dimitar Bechev, and Maksim Samorukov, May 30, 2024, “Between Russia and the EU: Europe’s Arc of Instability (carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/05/bosnia-…),” Carnegie Europe.
Thomas de Waal, September 22, 2023, “A Tragic Endgame in Karabakh (carnegieendowment.org/posts/2023/09/a-tragic-e…),” Carnegie Europe.
Garo Paylan, January 30, 2025, “Leveraging International Pressure to Reform Turkey (civilnet.am/en/news/814676/leveraging-internat…),” CivilNet.
Garo Paylan, January 13, 2025, “Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Deal: A Golden Opportunity for Trump (wsj.com/opinion/a-golden-opportunity-for-trump…),” Wall Street Journal.
Garo Paylan, July 3, 2024, “Why Washington Must Push Forward the Fragile Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Plan (carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2024/07/armenia…),” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.