Sayyida al-Hurra, Moroccan Queen

A lot of European accounts of Sayyida al-Hurra’s life characterize her as a pirate, but that really isn't accurate. She was a a leader of a city-state and a queen of a sultanate.
Research:
• Ali, Adam. “The Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean: The Story of Al-Sayyida al-Hurra.” Medievalists.net. medievalists.net/2022/08/pirate-queen-mediterr…
• Britannica Editors. "Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2026, britannica.com/biography/Barbarossa. Accessed 29 July 2026.
• El Haimeur, A. (2024). Sayyida Alhurra: A forgotten North African queen and war leader: A forgotten North African queen and war leader. Africana Annual, 1(1), 44-60. doi.org/10.17161/africana.v1i1.19207
• Hellman, Rick. “Researcher reclaims 16th century Moroccan woman leader from obscurity.” University of Kansas. 4/17/2024. news.ku.edu/news/article/researcher-reclaims-1…
• Lebbady, “Women in Northern Morocco: Between the Documentary and the Imaginary.” Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 32. 2012. Via JSTOR. jstor.org/stable/41850741
• Mourtada-Sabbah, Nada and Adrian Gully. “'I Am, by God, Fit for High Positions': On the Political Role of Women in al-Andalus.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , Nov., 2003, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Nov., 2003). Via JSTOR. jstor.org/stable/3593222
• Rafferty, John P.. "From Pirate to Admiral: The Tale of Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jun. 2025, britannica.com/story/from-pirate-to-admiral-th…. Accessed 29 July 2026.
• Sparkes, Jason Idriss. “Sayyida al‑Hurra: An Early Modern Decolonial Muslim Exemplar.” Religions 16: 1362. 2025. doi.org/10.3390/rel16111362
• Verde, Tom. “Malika VI: Sayyida Al-Hurra.” AramcoWorld. 1/4/2017. aramcoworld.com/articles/2017/malika-vi-sayyid…
• Williams, Terry. “Pirate Profile: Sayyida al-Hurra.” Queen Anne’s Revenge Project. 5/25/2020. qaronline.org/blog/2020-05-25/pirate-profile-s…

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.