The Thousand Days' War: Colombia's Bloodiest Civil War

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Colombia's Thousand Days' War (1899-1902), a devastating civil war that pitted Conservatives against Liberals, cost over 100,000 lives, and led directly to the loss of Panama. They delve into the causes: the exclusionary 1886 Constitution under Rafael Núñez's Regeneration, the growing Liberal discontent, and the economic crisis from falling coffee prices. Key figures like President José Manuel Marroquín, Liberal General Rafael Uribe Uribe, and Conservative leader Pedro Nel Ospina are discussed. The Battle of Palonegro, the longest and bloodiest engagement, is vividly described. Foreign involvement—Venezuela and Ecuador backing Liberals, the US backing the Conservatives to secure the Panama Canal—shaped the outcome. The war ended with the Treaty of Wisconsin, onboard a US warship, leaving Colombia impoverished and giving the US the green light to support Panama's independence. The episode also touches on how this war set the stage for La Violencia and ongoing conflict.

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