Croatia's Uskok Wars and the Peace of Madrid

After the Battle of Sisak, the Uskoci became more than just frontier fighters; they were state-sanctioned privateers whose raids on Venetian shipping sparked a decade-long diplomatic crisis. In this episode, we explore the legalistic warfare that followed, focusing on Ivan Lenković’s defense of his men in Rome and the eventual Treaty of Madrid in 1617. We examine how the Republic of Ragusa and the Habsburg Monarchy navigated the complex web of international law to finally disarm Senj, turning fierce pirates into loyal imperial soldiers. This story reveals how small states survived between giants through clever diplomacy and maritime opportunism.

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