Cover von The History of the Twentieth Century

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The History of the Twentieth Century

von Mark Painter

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  1. 402 The Resistance I

    In the occupied countries of Europe and Asia, resistance movements developed to oppose Axis occupations. In most cases, the resistance movements were divided between Communist and non-Communist.

  2. 401 No Option But to Fight On

    The U-boat war was going quite well for the Germans at the beginning of 1943, but by mid-year, the German Navy was on the verge of abandoning the effort.

  3. 400 War in the Air II

    The Hamburg bombing forced the German government to rethink its defense policies. In Québec, Churchill and Roosevelt cut a deal on atom bomb research.

  4. 399 War in the Air I

    After two years of trying, RAF Bomber Command at last perfected the techniques to inflict mass casualties and devastation on an enemy city. Meanwhile, the US Eighth Air Force struggled to develop their own strategies.

  5. 398 An Incontrovertible Fact

    As the war turned against them, the Japanese attempted to create allies among the nations it occupied, declaring the independence of Burma and the Philippines, while the US embraced China as a peer of the main Allied powers, alongside the U

  6. 397 Pop Goes the Weasel

    The Japanese come to the reluctant conclusion that they have to abandon Guadalcanal and northeastern New Guinea. US submarine warfare begins to take a toll, and Admiral Yamamoto is killed.

  7. 396 The Battle of Kursk

    The German offenive failed. Then it was the Soviets' turn.

  8. 395 A Definitive Mistake

    Adolf Hitler begins his long-delayed 1943 offensive against the USSR, which fizzles in a matter of days.

  9. 394 The Stuff Dreams Are Made Of

    Warner Brothers was one of the minor studios until they introduced the first talking picture, which made the studio into one of the majors. In the Thirties, Warner Brothers, led by the irascible Jack L. Warner, was known for its glitzy musi

  10. 393 Everything Is Going to Be Fine

    The Japanese claimed to be liberating their fellow Asians from Western oppression, but Japanese rule proved to be brutal and murderous.

  11. 392 Warsaw and Katyn

    In early 1943, the remaining residents of the Warsaw Ghetto rose up against the SS. Farther east, the German Army uncovers the mass grave where the Soviet NKVD buried thousands of murdered Polish Army officers.

  12. 391 The Manhattan Project

    After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the American atom bomb project kicked into high gear. Fearful that the Germans were already working on a bomb and had a head start, the US government built a huge program meant to approach the probl

  13. 390 Benito è finito

    The Allies invade Sicily, which leads to the fall of Benito Mussolini.

  14. 389 On the Defensive

    Hitler himself said that he had "never been a man of the defensive," but in the aftermath of Stalingrad, he had no choice.

  15. 388 Woman of the Year

    RKO Radio Pictures had a reputation for producing second-rate films. Even so, this was the studio that signed Fred Astaire and Katharine Hepburn; it was the studio that released King Kong and Citizen Kane.

  16. 387 Hooray for Hollywood

    The first in a series looking at the American film industry in the 1930s and 1940s, the heyday of the "studio system."

  17. 386 Do Or Die

    The fall of Burma to the Japanese put India on the front lines of the war, posing hard questions for the Indian nationalist movement.

  18. 385 The Thingamabob That's Going to Win the War

    The BBC struggles to determine its role in wartime Britain.

  19. 384 Do You Want Total War?

    Stalingrad falls and Joseph Goebbels tries to spark a program to ramp up the German war effort.

  20. 383 Casablanca

    Roosevelt and Churchill met again in early 1943 to discuss the next stage of the war against the Axis, and they chose a provocative venue: Casablanca, a city their armies had only recently taken.

  21. 382 Turning Point

    In October and November 1942, the Japanese began their final push to drive the Americans off Guadalcanal.

  22. 381 Der Manstein kommt!

    The Germans began an operation to relieve the siege of Stalingrad, but the Red Army was already prepared with a counter attack.

  23. 380 Operation Uranus

    The battle for Stalingrad raged on for two months, then the situation was suddenly upended by a surprise Soviet offensive that surrounded the city.

  24. 379 How Green Is My Ally

    The Anglo-American amphibious landings in French North Africa were not only a complex military operation. There was also complex negotiation going on behind the scenes. The Allies did not want to defeat French forces in North Africa; they w

  25. 378 The End of the Beginning

    In October 1942, Bernard Montgomery began his long-awaited offensive against the Italians and Germans in Egypt. Meanwhile, at the opposite end of the Mediterranean, the Allies were preparing to open a new front in Africa.

  26. 377 Verdun on the Volga

    The Battle of Stalingrad was a throwback to the kinds of battles fought in the last war. Like Verdun, the Germans were paying a heavy price. Would the gain be worth it?

  27. 376 Two Hammers, One Anvil

    As Bernard Montgomery plotted an offensive against Axis forces in North Africa from the east, Dwight Eisenhower was plotting one from the west.

  28. 375 Time Is Blood

    When German soldiers began their assault on the city of Stalingrad, they expected a quick victory, but the Soviet defense was far tougher than they had imagined.

  29. 374 A Steppe Too Far

    German forces advance on Stalingrad in August 1942, while Adolf Hitler becomes increasingly hostile and mistrustful of his military commanders.

  30. 373 The Machinery of Mass Murder

    The Nazis applied the experience they had gained from murdering disabled people and Soviet POWs to their project to exterminate Jewish people in Europe.

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