83. Till, för, åt

0:00 Hey Sankompisar, välkomna till veckans avsnitt of Learn Swedish with Katrin. If I say I bought a gift for you in English, how would you say for you in Swedish? Fur day till they what day? Well, it depends on what you actually mean. In this episode, we're going to focus specifically on the difference between tilde, fur day, and what day.

0:42 And we're going to use a lot of examples because these three phrases are much easier to understand when you compare them in actual sentences. To follow along in the transcript and do this week's exercises, make sure to sign up for your Learn Swedish membership. It only costs $10 per month. Go to slowswedish.com to learn more.

1:06 Let's start with till day. The easiest way to understand till day is to imagine a direction from me to you. Something starts with me and ends up with you. It can be a physical object, but it doesn't have to be. I can give you a book, send you an email or write you a letter. The important thing is that you are the receiver.

1:40 Ja ger boken till de I give the book to you. Jagar ett mail till dig. I send an email to you. Jag skriver ett brev till dig. I write a letter to you. I give the key to you. Ja schickar bilderna till dig. I send the pictures to you. It gets a little more interesting when we talk about buying something because this is where English will often use for.

2:39 In English you might say I bought a gift for you or I bought you a gift. But in Swedish we say ja shopte and present till they to you. The gift is meant for you. You are the person who is going to receive it. I bought a gift for you. Ja beställde en bok till dig. I ordered a book for you. Jag har ett paket till dig.

3:28 I have a package for you. Jag tog med caffe till dig. I brought coffee for you. Ypte blomor till day. I bought flowers for you. So when you're trying to decide if you should use till, ask yourself Am I giving someone something? Is there a receiver of the thing I'm giving? Then till day is most likely accurate.

4:09 Now let's move on to far day. Here, nothing needs to move from me to you. Instead, I'm doing something for your sake or for your benefit. You benefit from what I'm doing, or I'm doing something because of you and with you in mind. Ja gör det här för dig. I'm doing this for you. Jagar hemma för dig. I'm staying home for you.

4:56 Jagde mina planer för dig. I changed my plans for you. Jag är så glad för din skull. I'm so happy for your sake. Jag samlade ihop pengar för dig. I collected money for you. Jagerade semestern för dig I planned the vacation for your sake If I say ja indrade mina planer for day I'm obviously not giving my plans to you.

5:54 I changed them for your sake. Maybe you needed my help, maybe you wanted to see me or maybe there was some other reason why changing my plans would benefit you. So a useful phrase to connect with fur day is fur din skull for your sake. And then we have uat day. This is probably the distinction that causes the most confusion if your language uses the same word for both fur de and what day.

6:36 When I do something uat de I'm doing something that you would otherwise have to do yourself. I'm doing the action so that you don't have to. I open the door for you. Ja ber västan åt dig. I carry the bag for you. Ja lagar mat åt dig. I cook for you. Ja bokar bord åt dig. I book a table for you. Ja kan ringa åt dig.

7:27 I can call for you. Ja kan tvetta bilen åt day. I can wash the car for you. In all these examples there is something you could have done yourself. You could open the door, carry the bag, cook the food, book the table, make the call or wash the car. But you don't have to because I'm doing it what day.

7:59 And now we can start comparing them, because this is where the difference becomes really clear. Let's start with a gift. I can say both Yashupte and present tilde and Yoshte and present what day. But they don't mean the same thing. Yoshte and present tilde here you are getting the gift. The gift is yours.

8:29 But Yoshupte empresent wat day Now I'm talking about the action. You needed to buy a gift, but I did it instead. Imagine that your friend Yosephine has her birthday tomorrow and you forgot to buy her a gift. You ask me to help you. I go to the store and buy the gift what day. But the gift isn't till day.

9:02 It's till Yosefine. So Ya ship and present wat day present a till Yosefine We can do the same thing with coffee. If I say Ya bestil de cafe till day, I'm telling you who the coffee is for. You're going to get it and presumably drink it. But if I say ya bestilde cafe wat day, I'm focusing on the action.

9:37 I placed the order so that you didn't have to. The coffee is yours. Ya bestel de cafe oat day I did the ordering for you. And often both things are true at the same time in this case. If I order a coffee oat day, the coffee is probably also till day, but not necessarily. The difference is what I'm focusing on.

10:12 Tilde tells us who receives something, wat day tells us who I'm doing something for instead of them doing it themselves. Let's look at an example where the difference is even clearer. An email. Ya scrive et mail till day you received the email. But ya scrive et mail day you needed to write an email, but I wrote it instead.

10:48 And finally, let's compare fur day and o day. These two can sometimes describe very similar situations, but the focus changes. If I say Yörde fur day, I'm talking about why I'm doing it. I'm doing it for your sake. If I say Yerde what day, I'm talking about the action itself. I'm doing something that you would otherwise have to do.

11:22 Ya enrade schemat for day. I'm doing it for your sake. Ya enrade schemat what day I'm doing it so you don't have to. We can see the same difference with cooking. If I say ya lagar mida wat day, I am taking care of the cooking. You don't have to cook. If I say Ya Logar Mot fur day, I'm emphasizing that I'm doing it for your sake.

12:00 Maybe you've had a terrible day and I want to do something nice for you Yo Logar Mida Wat Day You don't have to cook I'm doing it. Yo Logar Mida fur day I'm doing it for your sake. So how can you remember all of this? You can ask yourself three questions Is someone receiving the thing? Till Am I doing it for someone's sake?

12:37 Fur Will someone not have to do it themselves what? Today we have just focused on yog and they and you but these words can of course be used with all pronouns and all object pronouns. Hon gör de för hon. Vi gör det åt er. Du gör det till dom. Ja gör det for oss. Ni gör de åt henne. Dom gör det till me.

13:26 And now it's time to practice. In this week's exercise sheet you will find a bunch of descriptions of various situations, and it's your job to figure out if it's happening till for or what someone. To access the study materials, join Learn Swedish for only $10 per month. Read more and sign up at slowswedish.com.

13:55 Det här avsnittet av podden var till er. Jag skapar dessa avsnitt för er. Men jag kan tyvärr inte plugga svenska åt er. Vi hörs nästa vecka. Hej da!