The History of Colombia: Conflict, Cartels, and Change — Fexingo History
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The Poisoned Wells of Zipaquirá: A Roman Twist in Colombia
In 1816, as Spanish troops under Pablo Morillo closed in on the salt town of Zipaquirá, a desperate patriot commander made a chilling decision: poison the town's water supply. This episode digs into the forgotten story of José María Carbone
The Coffee Boom That Built Modern Colombia
After the Thousand-Day War and the fall of Gran Colombia, Colombia rebuilt itself around a single crop: coffee. This episode traces how the humble coffee bean, grown by small farmers in the Andean foothills, transformed a fractured nation i
The Emerald Mafia: How Colombia's Green Gold Shaped a Nation
In this episode of The History of Colombia, Lucas and Luna explore the dark side of the country's most dazzling export: emeralds. From the ancient Muzo mines to the violent rise of the 'Green Mafia' in the 20th century, they trace how a sin
The Day Colombia's Sky Turned Black: The 1985 Nevado del Ruiz Eruption
In November 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted, sending a lahar down the Lagunillas River that buried the town of Armero under meters of mud. Over 23,000 people died in a disaster that was both natural and man-made. This episode tell
The Emerald Trade: Colombia's Green Gold
Colombia is the world's largest producer of emeralds, but the road from mine to ring is paved with conflict. In this episode, Lucas and Luna trace the history of the emerald trade, from the Muzo mines worked by the indigenous Muzo people, t
The Salt of the Earth: How a Grain Shaped a Nation
In the 1540s, Spanish conquerors discovered that the Muisca people of the high Andes had been mining salt for centuries—not just for seasoning, but as currency, ritual offering, and the lifeblood of their economy. The Spanish seized those m
The Coffee Boom That Built Modern Colombia
In this episode, Lucas and Luna trace how a single crop — coffee — transformed Colombia from a fractured collection of regions into a unified nation. From the first seedlings in the Jesuit missions of the 18th century to the railroad boom o
The 1985 Palace Siege: Colombia's Day of Blood
In 1985, while the world watched the Armero tragedy, an armed group stormed Colombia's Palace of Justice. This episode follows the 28-hour siege through the eyes of those inside: President Belisario Betancur, the M-19 comandos, and the magi
The Wind That Brought Freedom: Colombia's 1815 Cartagena Blockade
In 1815, Cartagena de Indias endured one of the longest sieges in South American history — a brutal, starvation-filled blockade by Spanish general Pablo Morillo that crushed the city's brief independence. But out of that disaster came somet
The Great Emu Harvest: Why Colombia Wanted Ostriches
In the early 20th century, a booming global market for ostrich feathers swept South America. Colombia, eager to join the luxury trade, imported breeding pairs to the arid plains of La Guajira. The experiment failed spectacularly. In this ep
The Barranquilla Carnival: Colombia's African Beat
In this episode of The History of Colombia, Lucas and Luna step away from the battlefields and cartels to trace the rhythms of the Barranquilla Carnival — the second-largest carnival in the world. They explore how African, Indigenous, and E
The Thousand-Day War: Colombia's Bloodiest Civil Conflict
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Thousand-Day War (Guerra de los Mil Días), a brutal civil conflict that ravaged Colombia from 1899 to 1902. They discuss the political feud between the Conservatives and Liberals, the failed Icesp
The Gran Colombia Dream: Bolívar's Fractured Union
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the brief life of Gran Colombia, the vast republic Simón Bolívar envisioned to unite modern Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. They trace its creation in 1819 after the Battle of Boyacá, the co
The Siege of Cartagena: Vernon's Fleet vs. Blas de Lezo
In 1741, a massive British fleet under Admiral Edward Vernon sailed for Cartagena de Indias, expecting an easy victory against a crumbling Spanish empire. But waiting for them was Blas de Lezo, a one-legged, one-eyed, one-armed Basque admir
Cartagena's Blas de Lezo: The One-Legged Admiral
In 1741, a massive British fleet under Admiral Edward Vernon sailed for Cartagena de Indias, confident of an easy victory over Spain's crumbling empire. They met Blas de Lezo, a veteran Spanish admiral who had lost an eye, an arm, and a leg
The Siege of Cartagena: Vernon's Fleet vs. Blas de Lezo
In 1741, the British Empire launched its largest naval expedition of the century against the Spanish port of Cartagena de Indias. Admiral Edward Vernon's 186 ships and 27,000 men faced a Spanish defense led by the one-eyed, one-armed, one-l
The 1948 Bogotazo: Rage That Split Colombia
In this episode, Lucas and Luna unpack the Bogotazo — the explosive riot that tore through Bogotá on April 9, 1948, after the assassination of Liberal leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. They trace Gaitán's rise as a populist voice for the poor, t
Episode 200: The Salt Cathedral of Zipaquirá
For episode 200, Lucas and Luna descend into the shimmering salt mines of Zipaquirá, sixty kilometers from Bogotá. They trace the sacred role of salt for the Muisca people, who traded it as a luxury across the high Andes. Then they follow t
The Black Christ of Buga: A Colombian Devotion
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the history of the Basilica of the Lord of Miracles in Buga, Colombia, and the mysterious Black Christ that has drawn pilgrims for over four centuries. They trace the legend of the anonymous sculptor
Cacao and Conflict: Colombia's Chocolate Origins
In this episode of The History of Colombia, Lucas and Luna trace the journey of cacao from ancient Amazonian forests to the heart of Colombian identity. They explore how indigenous cultures like the Kogi and Tairona used cacao in rituals an
Cartagena's Inquisition: Fear, Faith, and the Holy Office
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the shadowy history of the Cartagena Inquisition, the only tribunal of its kind in South America. They trace its origins in the Spanish Inquisition, its establishment in 1610 in the walled city, and i
The Man Who Named Colombia: Alexander von Humboldt's Hidden Map
Before Simón Bolívar's armies marched, another European profoundly shaped how the world saw Colombia — and how Colombians saw themselves. On this episode, we follow the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt and his French companion Aim
The Black Legends: How Cartagena's Walls Rose from African Labor
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the untold story behind Cartagena de Indias' iconic fortifications. While the walls are celebrated as a marvel of Spanish military engineering, their construction rested on the forced labor of enslave
Cartagena's Walls: Built by the Crown, Saved by Pirates
In 1586, Sir Francis Drake burned Cartagena to the ground. The Spanish crown's response was not revenge but stone — a massive ring of fortifications that would make the city the most heavily defended port in the Americas. This episode follo
The Cochineal Road: How a Tiny Bug Built Cartagena
Before coffee, before emeralds, there was cochineal—a tiny insect that produced a red dye so coveted it shaped empires. In this episode, Lucas and Luna trace the cochineal trade from the highlands of Oaxaca to the fortified walls of Cartage
The Quina Kings: How a Colombian Bark Cured the World
Before aspirin and quinolone antibiotics, a bitter bark from the slopes of the Andes was the only thing standing between a patient and death from malaria. Cinchona — known locally as quina — became one of the most valuable commodities in th
The 1985 Armero Tragedy: Voicing a Preventable Disaster
In 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted, sending lahars down the Lagunilla River and burying the town of Armero in minutes. Over 20,000 people died, and the world watched Omayra Sánchez die on live television. This episode unpacks the
The Sugar Temple: Colombia's Colonial Sweetness
In episode 190 of The History of Colombia, Lucas and Luna explore the hidden history of sugar in colonial Colombia, a story that goes far beyond the sweetener in your coffee. From the first cane plantations in the Cauca Valley to the rise o
The Quinine Boom: How Cinchona Bark Shaped Colombia
Before synthetic drugs, malaria's only cure came from the bark of a tree that grew almost exclusively in the Andes. This episode traces the nineteenth-century quinine boom in Colombia—from the cinchona forests of the Cauca Valley to the Eur
The Paleontologist Who Named Colombia's Giant Sloth
In 1887, a Colombian engineer named Joaquín Acosta sent a mysterious fossil to Paris, where paleontologist Paul Gervais recognized it as a giant ground sloth — Eremotherium acostae. This episode follows the discovery from a muddy Colombian
