Large Language Models on the Edge of the Scaling Laws

<p>What’s happening with the latest releases of large language models? Is the industry hitting the edge of the scaling laws, and do the current benchmarks provide reliable performance assessments? This week on the show, Jodie Burchell returns to discuss the current state of LLM releases.</p>
<p>The most recent release of GPT-5 has been a wake-up call for the LLM industry. We discuss how the current scaling of these systems is reaching a diminishing edge. Jodie also shares how many AI model assessments and benchmarks are flawed. We also take a sober look at the productivity gains from using these tools for software development within companies.</p>
<p>We discuss how newer developers should consider additional factors when looking at the current job market. Jodie digs into how economic changes and rising interest rates are influencing layoffs and hiring freezes. Then we share a wide collection of resources for you to continue exploring these topics.</p>
<p>This episode is sponsored by InfluxData.</p>
<div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert">
<p><strong>Course Spotlight:</strong> <a href="realpython.com/courses/closures-examples-use-c… Python Closures: Examples and Use Cases</a></p>
<p>Learn about Python closures: function-like objects with extended scope used for decorators, factories, and stateful functions.</p>
</div>
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>00:00:00 – Introduction</li>
<li>00:03:00 – Recent conferences and talks</li>
<li>00:04:18 – What’s going on with LLMs?</li>
<li>00:06:06 – What happened with the GPT-5 release?</li>
<li>00:08:14 – Simon Willison - 2025 in LLMs so far</li>
<li>00:09:00 – How did we get here?</li>
<li>00:10:37 – OpenAI’s and scaling laws</li>
<li>00:12:25 – Pivoting to post-training</li>
<li>00:16:01 – Some history of AI eras</li>
<li>00:17:54 – Issues with measuring performance and benchmarks</li>
<li>00:22:19 – Chatbot Arena</li>
<li>00:24:06 – Languages are finite</li>
<li>00:26:22 – LLMs and the illusion of humanity</li>
<li>00:30:41 – Sponsor: InfluxData</li>
<li>00:31:34 – Types of solutions to move past these limits</li>
<li>00:36:57 – Does AI actually boost developer productivity?</li>
<li>00:44:19 – Agentic Al Programming with Python</li>
<li>00:48:02 – Results of non-programmers vibe coding</li>
<li>00:50:18 – Back to the concept of overfitting</li>
<li>00:52:52 – The money involved in training</li>
<li>00:56:50 – Video Course Spotlight</li>
<li>00:58:21 – Deepseek and new methods of training</li>
<li>01:01:02 – Quantizing and fitting on a local machine</li>
<li>01:04:48 – The layoffs and the economic changes</li>
<li>01:10:32 – AI implementation failures</li>
<li>01:21:01 – Don’t doubt yourself as a developer</li>
<li>01:24:06 – What are you excited about in the world of Python?</li>
<li>01:25:39 – What do you want to learn next?</li>
<li>01:26:42 – What’s the best way to follow your work online?</li>
<li>01:27:04 – Thanks and goodbye</li>
</ul>
<p>Survey:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="realpython.com/surveys/podcast-listener-survey… Survey - Help Shape the Future of the Real Python Podcast</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Show Links:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="ep2025.europython.eu/">EuroPython 2025 - July 14th-20th 2025 - Prague, Czech Republic & Remote</a></li>
<li><a href="realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/232/">Epis… #232: Exploring Modern Sentiment Analysis Approaches in Python</a></li>
<li><a href="garymarcus.substack.com/p/gpt-5-overdue-overhy…: Overdue, overhyped and underwhelming. And that’s not the worst of it.</a></li>
<li><a href="spectrum.ieee.org/gpt-5-trough-of-disillusionm… 5’s Rocky Launch Highlights AI Disillusionment - IEEE Spectrum</a></li>
<li><a href="youtube.com/watch?v=YpY83-kA7Bo">2025 in LLMs so far, illustrated by Pelicans on Bicycles — Simon Willison</a></li>
<li><a href="research.google/pubs/attention-is-all-you-need… is All You Need - Google</a></li>
<li><a href="openai.com/index/scaling-laws-for-neural-langu… laws for neural language models - OpenAI</a></li>
<li><a href="calnewport.com/what-if-ai-doesnt-get-much-bett… if AI Doesn’t Get Much Better Than This? - Cal Newport</a></li>
<li><a href="latimes.com/business/story/2025-08-20/say-fare…: AI hype is fading fast - Los Angeles Times</a></li>
<li><a href="youtube.com/watch?v=tbDDYKRFjhk">Does AI Actually Boost Developer Productivity? (100k Devs Study) - Yegor Denisov-Blanch, Stanford - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="metr.org/blog/2025-07-10-early-2025-ai-experie… the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity - METR</a></li>
<li><a href="businessinsider.com/amazon-cloud-chief-replaci… Cloud Chief: Replacing Junior Staff With AI Is ‘Dumbest’ Idea - Business Insider</a></li>
<li><a href="evidentlyai.com/llm-guide/llm-benchmarks#reaso… LLM evaluation benchmarks and how they work</a></li>
<li><a href="arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300">MMLU - Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding</a></li>
<li><a href="arxiv.org/abs/1905.07830">HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?</a></li>
<li><a href="en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_Turk"&… Turk - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="mturk.com/">Amazon Mechanical Turk</a></li>
<li><a href="lmarena.ai/?leaderboard">Chatbot Arena - LMArena</a></li>
<li><a href="customgpt.ai/llm-reasoning-vs-memorization/&qu… Can’t Reason - The Reversal Curse, The Alice In Wonderland Test, And The ARC - AGI Challenge - CustomGPT</a></li>
<li><a href="youtube.com/watch?v=kqJ7rZHFx84">Mirror, mirror: LLMs and the illusion of humanity - Jodie Burchell - NDC Oslo 2024 - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="arxiv.org/pdf/2508.01191">Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning of LLMs a Mirage? A Data Distribution Lens</a></li>
<li><a href="youtube.com/watch?v=TUjQuC4ugak&list=WL&am… Rot: How Increasing Input Tokens Impacts LLM Performance - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="youtube.com/watch?v=tbDDYKRFjhk">Does AI Actually Boost Developer Productivity? (100k Devs Study) - Yegor Denisov-Blanch, Stanford - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="teamblind.com/post/aws-ceo-says-no-more-progra… CEO says no more programmers in 2 years - Tech Industry - Blind</a></li>
<li><a href="fortune.com/2025/08/18/mit-report-95-percent-g… report: 95% of generative AI pilots at companies are failing - Fortune</a></li>
<li><a href="talkpython.fm/episodes/show/517/agentic-al-pro… Al Programming with Python - Talk Python To Me Podcast</a></li>
<li><a href="theverge.com/the-vergecast/759768/gpt5-backlas… coding through the GPT-5 mess - The Verge</a></li>
<li><a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overfitting">Ove… - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="youtube.com/watch?v=zjkBMFhNj_g&t=107s&quo… Karpathy - Busy Person’s Intro to LLMs - YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="andrewstiefel.com/ai-layoff-myth/">AI Isn’t Taking Your Job – The Economy Is - Andrew Stiefel</a></li>
<li><a href="abc.net.au/news/2025-08-21/cba-backtracks-on-a… Bank backtracks on AI job cuts, apologizes for ‘error’ as call volumes rise - ABC News</a></li>
<li><a href="entrepreneur.com/business-news/klarna-ceo-reve… CEO Reverses Course By Hiring More Humans, Not AI | Entrepreneur</a></li>
<li><a …