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From First Principles

von Krishna Choudhary and Lester Nare

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  1. Can AI Help Wake Coma Patients? The Science of Consciousness (EP 35)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a deep dive into one of the hardest questions in neuroscience: what breaks in the brain during a coma, and can we figure out how to turn consciousness back on? We unpack a new pap

  2. AI Cancer Vaccines, Strange Fish, Ketamine, and Ancient Life (EP. 34)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a fast-moving science rundown covering four remarkable stories from across AI, genetics, neuroscience, and paleontology. We dig into the story of a machine learning engineer who u

  3. Can Human Neurons Really Play Doom? The Science Behind Wetware (EP. 33)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a deep dive into one of the strangest science stories of the year: a dish of human neurons allegedly learning to play Doom. We go back to the original 2022 DishBrain paper out of

  4. 5,000-Year-Old Bacteria, Solar Storms, Dogs, and Meta’s AI War (EP. 32)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this is our first standalone rundown episode — a faster, looser format where we hit several stories we didn’t have room to turn into full deep dives. This week: bacteria revived from a Romanian i

  5. Optovolution: Teaching Proteins to Think Like Computers (EP. 31)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a deep dive into a new synthetic-biology breakthrough out of EPFL: OptoEvolution. The big idea is simple but powerful — traditional directed evolution is great at making proteins

  6. Can We Stop an Asteroid? The Physics Behind NASA’s DART Mission (EP. 30)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a full deep dive on planetary defense. We break down NASA’s DART mission, why the goal was never to “blow up” an asteroid but to gently nudge it, and why the newest result is even

  7. Astrobiology’s Biggest Survival Test + A Vaccine Against Everything? (EP. 29)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode starts in astrobiology with a fresh experimental challenge to one of the biggest objections to lithopanspermia: can life actually survive the violence of being blasted off a planet b

  8. Dark Galaxies, Fuzzy Dark Matter, and an Alzheimer’s Breakthrough (EP. 28)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode has two main stories: an astrophysics update on a candidate “dark galaxy” in the Perseus Cluster (a halo that’s ~99.9% dark matter), and a major Alzheimer’s mechanism paper tracing h

  9. Dream Engineering, the Proton Radius Puzzle, and an ALS Breakthrough (EP. 27)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode has three main stories: interactive dream engineering (yes, two-way “communication” during lucid dreaming), the proton radius puzzle finally getting resolved by a precision lab measu

  10. Winter Olympics Deep Dive: Ice Physics, Performance Pressure, and Climate Change (EP. 26)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a Winter Olympics deep dive from first principles—physics, neuroscience, and climate science in one ride. • Why ice is slippery: the “water layer” story is incomplete—new nanoscal

  11. Plants, Quantum Sensors, and Predicting Cancer Evolution (EP. 25)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode jumps from plant biochemistry to quantum metrology to cancer evolution. We start with a University of York breakthrough that solves a ~50-year mystery in alkaloid biosynthesis—identi

  12. Artemis II, Apollo, and the Physics of Going Back to the Moon (EP. 24)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a full-spectrum moonshot: why Artemis II matters, how the mission actually works (SLS, Orion, translunar injection, free-return trajectories), and a first-principles teardown of t

  13. JWST’s “Little Red Dots,” TimeVaults, and the Dawn of Math (EP. 23)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode runs from JWST’s “Little Red Dots” (and what they imply about early supermassive black holes), to a TimeVault method for recording gene expression over time, to 8,000-year-old Halaf

  14. Cloud9 Dark Matter Halo, Jellyfish Sleep, and String Theory Hidden in Nature (EP. 22)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode runs from the deep math of string theory to the biology of sleep—then out to a starless “ghost cloud” that may be a naked dark-matter halo. We open with a Nature paper showing that p

  15. Roman Concrete, Brain “Cognitive Legos,” DeepSeek, and Econophysics (EP. 21)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode jumps from ancient engineering to modern AI and markets. We start with the newly uncovered Pompeii worksite that finally shows how Romans mixed their concrete — and why it “self-heal

  16. The Physics Behind Fusion’s Biggest Problem (Season Finale) (EP. 20)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this Season Finale closes out Season 1 with a deep dive into the physics behind fusion’s biggest bottleneck: fast magnetic reconnection. We unpack why classic models predicted reconnection should

  17. The Race to the Double Helix — Watson, Crick, Franklin & the Real Story of DNA (EP. 19)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this single-story deep dive tells the full story of how humanity uncovered the structure of DNA — and the human tensions that shaped it. From Mendel’s pea-plant mathematics to Rosalind Franklin’s

  18. 3I/ATLAS Explained, Forensic Fingerprints & Alzheimer’s Breakthrough (EP. 18)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode spans astrophysics, forensic chemistry, and neuroimmunology. We begin with a deep dive into 3I/ATLAS, only the third confirmed interstellar object to ever pass through our solar syst

  19. Hypersonic Physics, Deep Sea Life & Princeton’s Millisecond Qubits (EP. 17)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode dives into three breakthroughs stretching across aerospace engineering, astrobiology, and quantum computing. We start with a Nature Communications paper from Stevens Institute that e

  20. Octopus Camouflage, Orcas vs. Sharks, Civet Coffee & Sub-Diffraction Telescope Tech (EP. 16)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this super-episode spans four wildly different frontiers: bioengineers hijacking bacterial evolution to mass-produce octopus camouflage pigment; orcas developing cultural hunting strategies again

  21. AI-Generated Genomes, Retinal Implants, and Palomar’s Mystery Lights Explained (EP. 15)

    AI, Eyes, and the Sky — From Synthetic Genomes to Restored Vision and Cosmic Mysteries Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode of From First Principles explores three cutting-edge breakthroughs connecting medicine, technol

  22. Chen Ning Yang — The Man Who Unlocked Symmetry (EP. 14)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode tells the story of Nobel laureate Chen Ning Yang and how his ideas on symmetry and gauge theory transformed modern physics. Summary • Early Years & Mentorship: From China to Chicago

  23. Portable Muon Beams, Sodium Batteries, and the Secret to Long Life (EP. 13)

    Aloha internet — Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary return with three extraordinary research stories: portable muon beams, sodium-ion batteries, and the secret to long life. Summary • Lawrence Berkeley’s compact muon beam technology and its

  24. From Princeton to the Nobel Prizes — How FFP Started + 2025 Nobel Recap (EP. 12)

    After a packed week of Nobel Prize coverage, Lester and Krishna look back on how From First Principles began and why they built it as an “ESPN for Science.” They revisit 2025’s Medicine, Physics and Chemistry winners and discuss why fundame

  25. From Cells to Circuits to Crystals — 2025 Nobel Prizes Unpacked (EP. 11)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this one-episode special brings all three 2025 Nobel Prizes in the sciences into a single listen: Medicine (immune tolerance and FOXP3), Physics (macroscopic quantum tunneling in superconducting

  26. AI Supercharges CRISPR & LIGO (Nobel Prize Week Preview) (EP. 10)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this two-story, 2.5-hour special sets the table for Nobel Prize Week with deep dives into two recent Nobel-winning domains—gene editing (CRISPR) and gravitational waves (LIGO)—and how AI is accel

  27. China’s AI Breakthrough, Time Crystals, Hidden Viruses, & Brightest Cosmic Signal (EP. 9)

    Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary return for Episode 9 of From First Principles, breaking down the latest breakthroughs across AI, physics, biology, and astronomy. From China’s stunning AI leap with DeepSeek to time crystals you can actuall

  28. Strongest Evidence for Alien Life? (Mars, K2-18b & JWST) (EP. 8)

    NASA just dropped what they’re calling the strongest evidence yet for biosignatures on Mars, so we spun up an emergency pod. We break down what the rover actually found in Jezero Crater, why geochemical “life-adjacent” reactions matter, rev

  29. Interstellar Visitor 3I/Atlas, Human Longevity Plateau, New No-Sort Plastic & Analog AI (EP. 7)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, Episode 7 of From First Principles covers four stories at the frontier of science and technology. This week, we dive into new telescope data on the interstellar visitor 3i Atlas, explore a major

  30. New Supernova, Virus+Bacteria vs Cancer, Electron Spin, Bee Superfood (EP. 6)

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, Episode 6 of From First Principles covers four groundbreaking stories in science—from rare cosmic explosions to synthetic biology breakthroughs that could save our food supply. This week, we dive

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