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Adam Marblestone — AI is missing something fundamental about the brain
Adam Marblestone (https://twitter.com/AdamMarblestone) is CEO of Convergent Research (https://www.convergentresearch.org/). He’s had a very interesting past life: he was a research scientist at Google Deepmind on their neuroscience team and
Thoughts on AI progress (Dec 2025)
Read the essay here (https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/thoughts-on-ai-progress-dec-2025-video). Timestamps 00:00:00 What are we scaling? 00:03:11 The value of human labor 00:05:04 Economic diffusion lag is cope00:06:34 Goal-post shifting is justif
Sarah Paine — Why Russia Lost the Cold War
This is the final episode of the Sarah Paine lecture series, and it’s probably my favorite one. Sarah gives a “tour of the arguments” on what ultimately led to the Soviet Union’s collapse, diving into the role of the US, the Sino-Soviet bor
Ilya Sutskever — We're moving from the age of scaling to the age of research
Ilya & I discuss SSI’s strategy, the problems with pre-training, how to improve the generalization of AI models, and how to ensure AGI goes well. Watch on YouTube (https://youtu.be/aR20FWCCjAs); read the transcript (https://www.dwarkesh.com
Satya Nadella — How Microsoft is preparing for AGI
As part of this interview, Satya Nadella gave Dylan Patel (founder of SemiAnalysis (https://semianalysis.com/)) and me an exclusive first-look at their brand-new Fairwater 2 datacenter. Microsoft is building multiple Fairwaters, each of whi
Sarah Paine — How Russia sabotaged China's rise
In this lecture, military historian Sarah Paine explains how Russia—and specifically Stalin—completely derailed China’s rise, slowing them down for over a century. This lecture was particularly interesting to me because, in my opinion, the
Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away
The Andrej Karpathy (https://x.com/karpathy) episode. During this interview, Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP grow
Nick Lane – Life as we know it is chemically inevitable
Nick Lane has some pretty wild ideas about the evolution of life. He thinks early life was continuous with the spontaneous chemistry of undersea hydrothermal vents. Nick’s story may be wrong, but I find it remarkable that with just that sta
Some thoughts on the Sutton interview
I have a much better understanding of Sutton’s perspective now. I wanted to reflect on it a bit. (00:00:00) - The steelman (00:02:42) - TLDR of my current thoughts (00:03:22) - Imitation learning is continuous with and complementary to RL (
Richard Sutton – Father of RL thinks LLMs are a dead end
Richard Sutton is the father of reinforcement learning, winner of the 2024 Turing Award, and author of The Bitter Lesson. (http://www.incompleteideas.net/IncIdeas/BitterLesson.html) And he thinks LLMs are a dead end. After interviewing him,
Fully autonomous robots are much closer than you think – Sergey Levine
Sergey Levine (https://x.com/svlevine), one of the world’s top robotics researchers and co-founder of Physical Intelligence (https://www.physicalintelligence.company/), thinks we’re on the cusp of a “self-improvement flywheel” for general-p
How Hitler almost starved Britain – Sarah Paine
In this lecture, military historian Sarah Paine explains how Britain used sea control, peripheral campaigns, and alliances to defeat Nazi Germany during WWII. She then applies this framework to today, arguing that Russia and China are simil
Evolution designed us to die fast; we can change that — Jacob Kimmel
Jacob Kimmel (https://x.com/jacobkimmel) thinks he can find the transcription factors to reverse aging. We do a deep dive on why this might be plausible and why evolution hasn’t optimized for longevity. We also talk about why drug discovery
China is killing the US on energy. Does that mean they’ll win AGI? — Casey Handmer
How will we feed the 100s of GWs of extra energy demand that AI will create over the coming decade? On this episode, Casey Handmer (Caltech PhD, former NASA JPL, founder & CEO of Terraform Industries) walks me through how we can pull it off
Artificial meat is harder than artificial intelligence — Lewis Bollard
A deep dive with Lewis Bollard, who leads Open Philanthropy’s strategy for Farmed Animal Welfare (https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/farm-animal-welfare/), on the surprising economics of the meat industry. Why is factory farming so effi
Sarah Paine — How Imperial Japan defeated Tsarist Russia & Qing China
After my last lecture series with Sarah Paine ended, I still had so many questions. I knew we’d only scratched the surface of Sarah’s scholarship, so I immediately invited her back for another series: she graciously agreed, and we’ll be rel
Stephen Kotkin — How Stalin became the most powerful dictator in history
The Stephen Kotkin episode. Kotkin is arguably the world’s foremost expert on Joseph Stalin and has written a massive 2-volume biography on him (with a 3rd volume in the works). No other individual had more of a profound impact on the 20th
Why I don’t think AGI is right around the corner
I’ve had a lot of discussions on my podcast (https://www.youtube.com/@DwarkeshPatel) where we haggle out timelines to AGI. Some guests think it’s 20 years away (https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/ege-tamay) - others 2 years (https://www.dwarkesh.co
A billion years of evolution in a single afternoon — George Church
George Church is the godfather of modern synthetic biology and has been involved with basically every major biotech breakthrough in the last few decades. Professor Church thinks that these improvements (e.g., orders of magnitude decrease in
Why China's manufacturing economy is dominating — Arthur Kroeber
Arthur Kroeber is a leading researcher on Chinese tech and macro, a founding partner at Gavekal Dragonomics (https://research.gavekal.com/), and author of "China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know." (https://www.amazon.com/Chinas-Econom
"China is digging out of a crisis. And America’s luck is wearing thin." — Ken Rogoff
Ken Rogoff (https://rogoff.scholars.harvard.edu/) is the former chief economist of the IMF, a professor of Economics at Harvard, and author of the newly released Our Dollar, Your Problem (https://www.amazon.com/Our-Dollar-Your-Problem-Turbu
Xi Jinping’s paranoid approach to AGI, debt crisis, & Politburo politics — Victor Shih
On this episode, I chat with Victor Shih (https://gps.ucsd.edu/faculty-directory/victor-shih.html) about all things China. We discuss China’s massive local debt crisis, the CCP’s views on AI, what happens after Xi, and more. Victor Shih is
Is RL + LLMs enough for AGI? — Sholto Douglas & Trenton Bricken
New episode with my good friends Sholto Douglas (https://x.com/_sholtodouglas?lang=en) & Trenton Bricken (https://x.com/trentonbricken?lang=en). Sholto focuses on scaling RL and Trenton researches mechanistic interpretability, both at Anthr
What will automated firms look like?
Based on my essay about AI firms. (https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/ai-firm) Huge thanks to Petr (https://www.petrsalaba.cz/) and his team for bringing this to life! Watch on YouTube (https://youtu.be/bJD1NpdMY5s). Thanks to Google for sponsoring
Mark Zuckerberg — AI will write most Meta code in 18 months
Zuck on: * Llama 4, benchmark gaming * Intelligence explosion, business models for AGI * DeepSeek/China, export controls, & Trump * Orion glasses, AI relationships, and preventing reward-hacking from our tech. Watch on Youtube (https://yout
Why Rome actually fell: plagues, slavery, & ice age — Kyle Harper
800 years before the Black Death, the very same bacteria ravaged Rome, killing 60%+ of the population in many areas. Also, back-to-back volcanic eruptions caused a mini Ice Age, leaving Rome devastated by famine and disease. I chatted with
AGI is still 30 years away — Ege Erdil & Tamay Besiroglu
Ege Erdil (https://www.lesswrong.com/users/ege-erdil) and Tamay Besiroglu (https://tamaybesiroglu.com/) have 2045+ timelines, think the whole "alignment" framing is wrong, don't think an intelligence explosion is plausible, but are convince
AI 2027: month-by-month model of intelligence explosion — Scott Alexander & Daniel Kokotajlo
Scott (https://www.astralcodexten.com/) and Daniel (https://www.lesswrong.com/users/daniel-kokotajlo) break down every month from now until the 2027 intelligence explosion. Scott Alexander is author of the highly influential blogs Slate Sta
AMA: career advice given AGI, how I research ft. Sholto & Trenton
I recorded an AMA! I had a blast chatting with my friends Trenton Bricken and Sholto Douglas. We discussed my new book, career advice given AGI, how I pick guests, how I research for the show, and some other nonsense. My book, “The Scaling
Joseph Henrich — Humans defeated smarter species with cultural evolution
Humans have not succeeded because of our raw intelligence. Marooned European explorers regularly starved to death in areas where foragers thrived for 1000s of years. I’ve always found this cultural evolution deeply mysterious. How do you di